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The Congo's attainment (achievement) of independence from Belgium in June 1960 created expectations for a new and better life for all the Congolese - NSC History - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 1
Question 5
The Congo's attainment (achievement) of independence from Belgium in June 1960 created expectations for a new and better life for all the Congolese. Critically disc... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The Congo's attainment (achievement) of independence from Belgium in June 1960 created expectations for a new and better life for all the Congolese - NSC History - Question 5 - 2021 - Paper 1
Step 1
Political policies
Answer
The political landscape in the Congo post-independence was heavily influenced by colonial legacies. One significant aspect was the paternalism rooted in the colonial system, where Congolese were treated with a lack of agency. Mobutu Sese Seko, who rose to power by ousting Joseph Kasavubu, implemented changes that centralized authority and suppressed opposition. He established a one-party state, the Popular Movement for the Revolution, which eliminated political plurality and stymied democratic development. Additionally, Mobutu’s regime, identified with authoritarianism, managed to stabilize political structures but at the cost of civil liberties, creating a system resistant to reform.
Step 2
Economic policies
Answer
Mobutu’s economic strategies, often referred to as Zairianization, intended to replace foreign business operations with local entities. However, they often resulted in a mismanagement of resources. Originally involving nationalization, the policies led to corruption and rent-seeking behaviors among officials, worsening socioeconomic disparities. By prioritizing the interests of a few over sustainable development, Mobutu’s policies widened the economic divide and contributed to a deteriorating infrastructure, as the state heavily relied on foreign aid due to the ensuing mismanagement and depletion of local resources.
Step 3
Social and cultural policies
Answer
Socially, Mobutu's regime aimed to promote 'Authenticité', which sought to revive and celebrate African customs and languages. However, this was largely superficial and did little to uplift the broader population. Educational frameworks, based heavily on a colonial legacy, continued to favor a small elite, leaving the majority uneducated and without skills. The regime's approach to cultural identity was often selective, focusing on erasing colonial influences while failing to empower the Congolese. Thus, while intentions may have been to foster pride and social unity, the execution was inconsistent and often counterproductive.