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The policy changes by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union from 1985 led to its disintegration in 1991, however, they also brought positive results for South African politics - NSC History - Question 6 - 2022 - Paper 2
Question 6
The policy changes by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union from 1985 led to its disintegration in 1991, however, they also brought positive results for South Africa... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The policy changes by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union from 1985 led to its disintegration in 1991, however, they also brought positive results for South African politics - NSC History - Question 6 - 2022 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction
Answer
In this discussion, I will critically analyze how Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness) impacted not only the Soviet Union but also had significant repercussions on South African politics. While these changes were pivotal in leading to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, they also ushered in positive developments for anti-apartheid movements in South Africa.
Step 2
Gorbachev’s Leadership and Policies
Answer
Mikhail Gorbachev became the Secretary-General of the CPSU in 1985 and aimed to revive the Soviet economy by implementing perestroika, which included reforms to revitalize the economy through increased industrial output and technology, alongside greater transparency through glasnost. Despite these efforts, Gorbachev faced immense challenges, including a weakening unity among the 15 republics of the USSR and a critical loss of support domestically.
Step 3
Impact on South Africa
Answer
Gorbachev's changes positively influenced South African politics. The end of the Cold War decreased the apartheid government’s reliance on Western support for its anti-communist stance. As influential National Party members began to realize that apartheid was not a viable answer to economic development, it prompted negotiations with the African National Congress (ANC).
Step 4
Increased Political Willingness
Answer
De Klerk recognized that the ANC, perceived to be bankrupt and weakened, proposed negotiations rather than continued violence. Gorbachev's reformative stance encouraged a political environment conducive to dialogue and negotiation, ultimately leading to the dismantling of apartheid.
Step 5
Conclusion
Answer
In summary, while Gorbachev’s reforms led to the disintegration of the USSR, they inadvertently created pathways for progressive change in South African politics. The shift in political dynamics and the eventual engagement between the ANC and the National Party were significant outcomes that can be traced back to the broader geopolitical changes initiated by Gorbachev.