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Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union during the 1980s contributed to political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 6
Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union during the 1980s contributed to political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989. Support y... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union during the 1980s contributed to political changes that occurred in South Africa after 1989 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: Gorbachev's Reforms and Their Extent of Contribution
Answer
Gorbachev's reforms during the 1980s, specifically Perestroika and Glasnost, played a significant role in setting the stage for political transformation in South Africa post-1989. By introducing these reforms, Gorbachev aimed to rectify the issues within the Soviet Union while simultaneously affecting global perceptions of communism, which ultimately influenced the political landscape in South Africa.
Step 2
Gorbachev's Reforms of Perestroika and Glasnost and Its Impact
Answer
Perestroika introduced structural reforms to the Soviet economy, promoting elements of capitalism which ultimately weakened the communist hold. Glasnost encouraged openness and transparency, fostering an environment that inspired democratic movements worldwide, including within South Africa. The ANC, in particular, drew inspiration from these developments.
Step 3
The Impact of the Disintegration of the Soviet Union on South Africa
Answer
The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 significantly impacted the political landscape of South Africa. It led to a decreased influence of the Soviet Union on the ANC, which had previously relied on its support both economically and militarily. The ANC realized it had to adapt its strategies and no longer depended on Soviet backing for its fight against apartheid.
Step 4
Communism and the Changing Global Context
Answer
The notion that communism was a global threat diminished with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The National Party in South Africa could no longer justify oppressive policies by invoking the threat of communism. As Western powers shifted their stance, they supported South Africa's transition towards democracy, advocating for reform.
Step 5
Conclusion: The Path to Democratic Transition
Answer
The effects of Gorbachev's reforms and the subsequent disintegration of the Soviet Union facilitated a shift in power dynamics in South Africa. The National Party faced mounting pressure, leading to negotiations with the ANC and culminating in a peaceful transition of power, ultimately aiding in the end of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic South Africa.