HOW DID THE MARSHALL PLAN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AFTER THE DEVASTATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 1
HOW DID THE MARSHALL PLAN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AFTER THE DEVASTATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the ques... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:HOW DID THE MARSHALL PLAN ATTEMPT TO RESTORE THE EUROPEAN ECONOMY AFTER THE DEVASTATION OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR?
Study Sources 1A, 1B, 1C and 1D and answer the questions that follow - NSC History - Question 1 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Quote TWO pieces of evidence from the source which suggests that conditions in Europe in 1947 were dire (horrible).
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The economic situation overall appeared to be deteriorating.
Trade between European nations was stagnant.
Step 2
Name any TWO hardships in the source that the European public faced as a result of the devastation caused by the Second World War.
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Food shortages leading to hunger.
High levels of unemployment.
Step 3
Define the concept communism in your own words.
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Communism is a political and economic ideology which advocates for a classless society in which the means of production are owned collectively, aiming to eliminate private ownership and ensure that wealth is distributed based on need.
Step 4
Using the information in the source and your own knowledge, explain how the growing threat of communism would impact on the USA.
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The growing threat of communism would prompt the USA to implement the Marshall Plan as a strategy to contain communism's spread in Europe. This would lead to increased tensions during the Cold War, as the USA would seek to reinforce democratic governments and capitalism in Europe to counterbalance Soviet influence.
Step 5
Identify TWO basic purposes of the Marshall Plan stated in the source.
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To restore economic stability in Europe post-WWII.
To prevent the spread of communism by improving conditions in European nations.
Step 6
Explain the term individual liberty in the context of the Marshall Plan.
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Individual liberty refers to the freedom of individuals to exercise their rights without excessive interference from the government, ensuring that citizens can participate in political, economic, and social activities freely.
Step 7
According to the source, name ANY two aims that the Marshall Plan attempted to implement in order to rebuild Europe.
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Rebuilding infrastructure such as roads and bridges.
Restoring European agricultural productivity.
Step 8
Name ANY two areas in the source that the advisory groups wanted to improve conditions in Europe.
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Health care services.
Economic production in various industries.
Step 9
Describe what was ordered by the USA, comment on the following statement: 'The United States constantly pressured them (the European states) to participate in and make "collective use of the resources" in order to rebuild Europe as a whole.'
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The USA ordered that European nations actively engage in collaborative efforts to utilize their combined resources for effective recovery. This statement highlights the USA's role in promoting collective action to facilitate a cohesive rebuilding process, ensuring no country would fall under Soviet influence, thereby creating a strategically integrated Europe.
