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The Black Consciousness Movement under Steve Biko empowered black people to be self-reliant and to get rid of an inferior complex in their struggle to challenge the apartheid state in the 1970s - NSC History - Question 4 - 2024 - Paper 2
Question 4
The Black Consciousness Movement under Steve Biko empowered black people to be self-reliant and to get rid of an inferior complex in their struggle to challenge the ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The Black Consciousness Movement under Steve Biko empowered black people to be self-reliant and to get rid of an inferior complex in their struggle to challenge the apartheid state in the 1970s - NSC History - Question 4 - 2024 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: Critical Overview
Answer
The statement reflects the significant role played by the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM) under Steve Biko in empowering black individuals during the apartheid era. This movement aimed to instill self-reliance and eradicate feelings of inferiority among black South Africans. In critically discussing this, it is essential to explore both the positive impacts and the limitations of the BCM in shaping black consciousness and political action during the 1970s.
Step 2
Political Vacuum: Contextual Background
Answer
The backdrop of the BCM's rise was marked by a political vacuum created after the ANC and PAC leaders were banned or imprisoned in the 1960s. This allowed the BCM to fill the void, providing a platform for black South Africans. Biko's emphasis on self-awareness and dignity became pivotal in challenging the apartheid system and stripped away the sense of inferiority instilled by years of oppression.
Step 3
Empowerment through Consciousness
Answer
The BCM focused on instilling self-belief and encouraging a sense of identity among black South Africans. By rejecting the inferiority complex, Biko’s movement enabled individuals to organize and resist oppression actively. The philosophy articulated through organizations like the South African Students Organisation (SASO) inspired many to embrace their cultural identity and challenge apartheid ideologies.
Step 4
Formation of Political Structures
Answer
The BCM laid the groundwork for the establishment of political organizations that focused on self-determination. The formation of the Black People’s Convention in 1972 exemplified this move towards establishing a unified front against apartheid. Additionally, the involvement of students in SASO highlighted the importance of youth mobilization in challenging the state's oppressive policies.
Step 5
Community Projects and Self-Reliance
Answer
Biko and the BCM promoted community projects aimed at self-sufficiency. Through initiatives like health clinics and community programs, the BCM sought to uplift black communities and foster a sense of independence from apartheid structures. These efforts significant contributed to building self-reliance among black South Africans during the 1970s.
Step 6
Conclusion: Summation of Argument
Answer
In conclusion, while the Black Consciousness Movement successfully empowered black individuals by promoting self-reliance and challenging the sense of inferiority perpetuated by apartheid, it also faced challenges and limitations. The political and social environment continually posed obstacles to its objectives. Nonetheless, the BCM played a crucial role in reshaping the political landscape of South Africa during the 1970s, instilling a sense of pride and agency among black South Africans.