PW Botha's strategies to modify and reform apartheid were met with an upsurge (increase) of resistance - NSC History - Question 4 - 2016 - Paper 2

The assertion that PW Botha's reforms led to an increase in resistance can be evaluated by examining several key factors:

1. Introduction of the Tri-Cameral Parliament

Botha's introduction of the tri-cameral parliament in 1983 aimed to modify apartheid but instead stood as a point of contention. The United Democratic Front (UDF) was launched in direct response, rejecting the legitimacy of this parliament. Protest movements grew, emphasizing non-participation in a system that marginalized Black South Africans.

2. UDF and Anti-Voting Campaigns

The UDF initiated campaigns, such as the 'Don't Vote Campaign,' which saw Colorids and Indians discouraged from participating in triangular elections. Additionally, a 'Million Signature' petition against apartheid was launched, highlighting widespread dissatisfaction.

3. Intensified Protests and Violence

Internal resistance escalated against apartheid through organized protests, notably highlighted by events in the Vaal Triangle. Violence erupted, leading to government crackdowns, which sparked more civil unrest. Incidents included the violence against Vaal townships, where activists were arrested, leading to further resistance efforts.

4. The Role of Trade Unions

Trade unions, especially with the establishment of COSATU, became pivotal in mobilizing the workforce against apartheid. Strikes and protests aimed at improving conditions highlighted the struggle for democracy, showcasing organized resistance in response to Botha's reforms.

5. Education and Conscription

Efforts like the Education Charter Campaign and the End Conscription Campaign directly opposed policies that perpetuated apartheid. The latter rallied young males against mandatory service, uniting them in defiance of a regime they actively opposed. The resulting protests emphasized the growing discontent with the state of apartheid.

6. Boycotts and International Solidarity

Consumer boycotts played a vital role in undermining the economic viability of the apartheid regime. The anti-apartheid movement garnered international attention, putting pressure on Botha's administration. Campaigns led by organizations such as the African National Congress called for global solidarity against apartheid.

Conclusion

In summary, PW Botha's strategies not only failed to quell resistance but instead fostered an environment where organized opposition flourished. The 1980s were marked by a profound escalation of resistance, making the assertion in the question valid.