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Explain to what extent PW Botha's attempt at reforming the policy of 'grand' apartheid in the early 1980s was met with mass resistance by grassroots community organisations - NSC History - Question 4 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 4
Explain to what extent PW Botha's attempt at reforming the policy of 'grand' apartheid in the early 1980s was met with mass resistance by grassroots community organi... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent PW Botha's attempt at reforming the policy of 'grand' apartheid in the early 1980s was met with mass resistance by grassroots community organisations - NSC History - Question 4 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction
Answer
The introduction should focus on PW Botha's strategy for reforming 'grand' apartheid, aiming to create a more acceptable form of segregation. It is crucial to establish the context in which these reforms were made, outlining both the goals of the apartheid regime and the growing resistance from communities.
Step 2
Explain the reforms attempted by PW Botha
Answer
PW Botha implemented policies such as 'Total Onslaught' and 'Total Strategy', which were designed to consolidate power and suppress dissent. His policy reforms included the Legislation of Trade Unions and the establishment of the Tri-Cameral Parliament in 1983, which aimed to provide limited political representation for 'Coloureds' and Indians but excluded the Black majority.
Step 3
Impact of grassroots resistance
Answer
Grassroots community organizations, particularly the United Democratic Front (UDF), played a significant role in challenging both the legitimacy and the effectiveness of Botha's reforms. Campaigns like the 'Don't Vote Campaign' questioned participation in the Tri-Cameral Parliament, and initiatives such as the 'Million Signature' campaign further galvanized opposition.
Step 4
Consequences of resistance
Answer
The heightened resistance activities culminated in protests such as the Vaal Triangle uprising, where significant defiance against local councils took place. The student movement, labor strikes, and organizations like the Black Sash and COSATU showcased collective action against Botha's government, ultimately leading to the recognition of anti-apartheid organizations in negotiations.
Step 5
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, PW Botha's attempts to reform apartheid were met with substantial resistance, reflecting the deep-seated grievances of marginalized communities. The refusal to accept half-measures and the demand for full political rights illustrate that grassroots movements were pivotal in forcing the apartheid government into negotiations and ultimately contributed to the end of 'grand' apartheid.