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The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 6
The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa. Critically discuss this statement.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989 was largely responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
Role of Gorbachev and his policy of Perestroika and Glasnost
Answer
Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness) played a crucial role in altering the global political landscape. By promoting transparency and reform within the Soviet Union, he indirectly encouraged liberation movements across the world, including South Africa, where the African National Congress (ANC) sought an end to apartheid.
Step 2
The disintegration of the Soviet Union by the end of 1989
Answer
By late 1989, the Soviet Union was facing significant internal unrest and disintegration. As the superpower that had typically supported various liberation movements, its weakening diminished the ANC's reliance on external support, making the continuation of apartheid increasingly untenable in South Africa.
Step 3
Fall of Communist regimes in Eastern Europe
Answer
The collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe demonstrated that oppressive government systems could be dismantled. This shifted perceptions in South Africa, showing many that change was possible through peaceful means, rather than violent uprisings.
Step 4
Consequences of the Berlin Wall's fall
Answer
The fall of the Berlin Wall symbolized the end of the Cold War and epitomized the collapse of ideological divisions that had maintained oppressive regimes. Its impact was felt worldwide, leading to intensified discussions regarding democracy and human rights in South Africa.
Step 5
Impact on the ANC and political landscape
Answer
The collapse of the USSR deprived the ANC of its principal source of support, forcing it to reconsider its strategies. The ANC had to adapt to a transformed global environment where socialism was no longer a viable option, allowing for increased negotiations with the National Party, ultimately aiding in the end of apartheid.