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THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms were influential in affecting politics in South Africa in 1989 and in the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 6
THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms were influential in affecting politics in South Africa in 1989 and in the d... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:THE END OF THE COLD WAR AND A NEW WORLD ORDER Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms were influential in affecting politics in South Africa in 1989 and in the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 - NSC History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Influential in South African politics: 1989
Answer
Gorbachev's reforms played a significant role in influencing South African politics, particularly through the dynamics they created during the late 1980s. FW de Klerk's decision to replace PW Botha as president in 1989 was partly influenced by the global climate of change fostered by Gorbachev's policies of Glasnost and Perestroika, which encouraged a more open political environment.
Furthermore, Gorbachev’s reforms led to the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe. This had a ripple effect, signaling to the ANC and other anti-apartheid groups that significant change was possible. The end of the Cold War dynamics also weakened US and Soviet support for the apartheid regime, allowing FW de Klerk to engage with the ANC and negotiate, thus starting a transition towards democracy.
Step 2
Influential in the disintegration of the Soviet Union: 1991
Answer
Gorbachev's policies were directly influential in the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Perestroika allowed for limited private ownership, which undermined state control over the economy. This change sparked criticism from hardline communists, contributing to internal strife.
The introduction of Glasnost resulted in increased public debate and criticism of the Communist Party, eroding its authority. At home, Gorbachev faced opposition from both hardliners and reformers, highlighting the divide that ultimately led to his political weakening. The failed coup in August 1991 by hardline communists showcased the instability of the government, which paired with the growing independence movements in various republics, culminated in the dissolution of the Soviet Union later that year.