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Explain to what extent Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost were directly responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa after the 1990s - NSC History - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 6
Explain to what extent Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost were directly responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa aft... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent Mikhail Gorbachev's policies of perestroika and glasnost were directly responsible for the political changes that occurred in South Africa after the 1990s - NSC History - Question 6 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: The Impact of Gorbachev's Policies
Answer
Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the policies of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness) with the intention of modernizing the Soviet economy and political landscape. These reforms had significant ripple effects, particularly across Eastern Europe and further reached countries like South Africa, where they contributed to political changes in the 1990s.
Step 2
The Role of Perestroika and Glasnost
Answer
Gorbachev's push for perestroika aimed to revitalize the Soviet economy by introducing more market-oriented reforms, while glasnost encouraged a culture of transparency and reform within the political system. This openness likely inspired similar movements in South Africa, as both societies were navigating oppressive regimes.
Step 3
Influence on the National Party and ANC
Answer
The National Party's claim that it was protecting South Africa from a communist takeover became increasingly unrealistic, especially after the disintegration of the Soviet Union and its diminished influence in global politics. The African National Congress (ANC), emboldened by the changing global landscape, was able to alter its stance towards negotiations with the National Party.
Step 4
Decline of Apartheid and Negotiations
Answer
In light of the waning support from the Soviet Union, the National Party realized that continuing the apartheid regime was no longer sustainable. The ANC pushing back against the apartheid government gained momentum, leading to negotiations that resulted in the dismantlement of apartheid and the establishment of a democratic South Africa.
Step 5
Conclusion: A Synthesis of Events
Answer
Overall, Gorbachev’s policies were crucial in setting a precedent for change within oppressive regimes globally, including South Africa. The transformation was not solely due to Gorbachev’s influence; however, it significantly shaped the context in which autonomy and reform became feasible. The end of apartheid revealed the interconnectedness of global politics and local struggles for freedom, thus marking an essential chapter in South African history.