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Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s influenced FW de Klerk to introduce political reforms that paved the way for negotiations for a democratic South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 6
Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s influenced FW de Klerk to introduce political reforms that paved the way for negotiat... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union in the mid-1980s influenced FW de Klerk to introduce political reforms that paved the way for negotiations for a democratic South Africa - NSC History - Question 6 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction
Answer
Gorbachev's reforms in the mid-1980s played a significant role in reshaping political landscapes not only in the Soviet Union but also globally. His introduction of policies like Perestroika and Glasnost created an environment conducive to change which influenced FW de Klerk in South Africa. The extent of this influence is evident in de Klerk's political reforms aimed at addressing apartheid.
Step 2
Economic Hardship Background Information
Answer
Gorbachev became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985 and initiated reforms that led to economic hardship. Perestroika allowed small scale private ownership and reduced state control over production, which marked a shift away from strict communism. These reforms highlighted the inefficiencies of the Soviet communism model, influencing global perspectives on authoritarian regimes.
Step 3
Influence on Western Relations
Answer
As Gorbachev's reforms led to the end of the Cold War, the USA and its allies reassessed their support for apartheid in South Africa. The West pressured de Klerk’s National Party government, which was crucial in creating a political environment where negotiations with the ANC could be considered.
Step 4
Shifts in Political Dynamics
Answer
The collapse of the Soviet Union and the diminishing support for communist ideologies meant that the National Party could no longer rely on Western backing for its anti-communist stance. This change urged de Klerk to introduce reforms in a bid to secure both national and international support.
Step 5
Negotiation with the ANC
Answer
De Klerk's willingness to negotiate stemmed from the realization that apartheid was unsustainable. He recognized the ANC's enduring influence and sought a peaceful resolution to avoid further civil unrest. This is reminiscent of the broader geopolitical discussions that Gorbachev fostered in the late 1980s.
Step 6
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, Gorbachev's reforms significantly influenced FW de Klerk's political strategies. The international context shaped by Gorbachev’s policies provided de Klerk with both a model and reasons to negotiate with the ANC, ultimately leading to the historic changes in South Africa's political landscape.