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The violence that erupted in various parts of South Africa during the early 1990s nearly derailed the birth of a democratic dispensation in 1994 - NSC History - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 2
Question 5
The violence that erupted in various parts of South Africa during the early 1990s nearly derailed the birth of a democratic dispensation in 1994. Critically discuss... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The violence that erupted in various parts of South Africa during the early 1990s nearly derailed the birth of a democratic dispensation in 1994 - NSC History - Question 5 - 2018 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction: Discussing Violence in the Early 1990s
Answer
The early 1990s in South Africa were marked by significant violence that threatened the establishment of democracy. This violence stemmed from political tensions, particularly between the African National Congress (ANC) and other political organizations. It manifested in various forms, including protests and confrontations that sometimes escalated into bloodshed.
Step 2
De Klerk's Role in Negotiations
Answer
In February 1990, De Klerk announced significant reforms, including the unbanning of political organizations such as the ANC and SACP. His leadership was critical in initiating negotiations aimed at ending apartheid, yet the violence during this period often overshadowed these efforts.
Step 3
Key Events Leading to Negotiations
Answer
Several key events contributed to the negotiation process, including:
- The release of Nelson Mandela from prison in February 1990, which was a pivotal moment in South African politics.
- The Sekhukhune uprising in 1990, which highlighted the need for urgent negotiations to quell the violence.
- The Groote Schuur Minute, which marked the first agreement between the ANC and the government.
Step 4
Consequences of Violence on Negotiations
Answer
Violence had direct consequences on the negotiation process, causing setbacks, such as:
- The Boipatong massacre in June 1992, which intensified distrust between political factions.
- The death of Chris Hani in April 1993, which pushed the country to the brink of chaos and necessitated immediate intervention to promote peace.
Step 5
Conclusion: Impact on Democracy
Answer
Ultimately, while the violence during the early 1990s posed a significant threat to the democratic transition, it also underscored the necessity of dialogue and compromise. The negotiations culminated in the formation of a new constitutional body in 1994, leading to the election of Nelson Mandela as the first Black president, thus marking a significant achievement in overcoming the challenges presented by violence.