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Explain to what extent the process of negotiations paved the way for South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994. - NSC History - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 5
Explain to what extent the process of negotiations paved the way for South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994.
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Explain to what extent the process of negotiations paved the way for South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994. - NSC History - Question 5 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
De Klerk Comes to Power in 1989
Answer
The trajectory towards democracy in South Africa gained momentum with the appointment of F.W. de Klerk as President in 1989. His leadership marked a pivotal shift in addressing the long-standing apartheid regime. De Klerk initiated a series of reforms that laid the groundwork for negotiations.
Step 2
De Klerk's Unbanning of Political Organizations
Answer
On February 2, 1990, De Klerk announced the unbanning of political organizations, such as the African National Congress (ANC) and the South African Communist Party (SACP). This decision was monumental, as it signified a willingness to engage with previously marginalized groups and fostered an environment conducive to dialogue.
Step 3
Step 4
Key Negotiation Initiatives
Answer
Several critical events contributed to the negotiation process, including the Groote Schuur Minute on May 2, 1990, where the ANC and the government agreed to initiate talks, and the Pretoria Minute on August 6, 1990, formalizing commitments to end violence. The establishment of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) in 1991 further facilitated discussions between political factions.
Step 5
CODESA and the Path to Elections
Answer
CODESA marked a turning point in the negotiations. It brought together 19 political parties in discussions to draft a new constitution and plan democratic elections. By agreeing on fundamental principles and addressing contentious issues, the negotiations laid the foundation for the first democratic elections scheduled for April 27, 1994, ultimately leading to the election of Nelson Mandela as South Africa’s first black president.