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Critically discuss how leaders of various political organisations in South Africa were able to overcome the obstacles and challenges that confronted them during 1990 to 1994 - NSC History - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 5
Critically discuss how leaders of various political organisations in South Africa were able to overcome the obstacles and challenges that confronted them during 1990... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Critically discuss how leaders of various political organisations in South Africa were able to overcome the obstacles and challenges that confronted them during 1990 to 1994 - NSC History - Question 5 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
De Klerk inherits power from PW Botha in 1989
Answer
Upon assuming the presidency, F.W. de Klerk faced significant challenges stemming from Botha's policies. He initiated reforms to dismantle apartheid, acknowledging that such a system was unsustainable, which represented a crucial first step in the transition to democracy.
Step 2
Role of Nelson Mandela after he was released from prison in February 1990
Answer
Nelson Mandela's release was pivotal. He became a symbol of hope and reconciliation. His leadership fostered dialogue among previously warring factions and emphasized the importance of non-violence, which helped to build trust between different groups.
Step 3
Unbanning of the political and civic organisations, such as the ANC and SACP (Role of Mandela and other role players)
Answer
The unbanning of key political organizations allowed for formal negotiations to begin. This facilitated the return of exiled leaders and helped mainstream political discourse, thus paving the way for a collective effort to end apartheid.
Step 4
Groote Schuur Minute, 2 May 1990 (Role of various political organisations in overcoming obstacles)
Answer
This agreement marked the first formal negotiations between the ANC and the government. It established guidelines for future discussions and de-escalated tensions, showcasing the willingness of both sides to seek compromise.
Step 5
Violence in the Vaal Triangle (The role of various political organisations in attempting to resolve the crisis)
Answer
The violence posed a severe threat to the negotiation process. Leaders from various organizations worked to address these incidents through grassroots initiatives, aiming to mitigate violence and promote peaceful discussions.
Step 6
CODESA 1 and CODESA 2 (20 December 1991 & 2 May 1992) (Obstacles and the role of leaders of various political organisations)
Answer
The Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA) was critical for negotiating a new constitution. It faced significant obstacles, including deep-rooted mistrust and sporadic violence, but leaders persevered, demonstrating commitment to finding common ground.
Step 7
On-going violence on commuter trains on the Rand (Role of leaders of various political organisations to resolve this crisis)
Answer
This violence threatened to derail the peace process. Political leaders called for unity and actively worked to quell tensions, emphasizing the need for community involvement in promoting safety and dialogue.
Step 8
Step 9
Conclusion
Answer
In conclusion, the leaders' ability to navigate various challenges stemmed from a combination of strategic negotiations, public engagement, and a shared vision for a democratic South Africa. Their resolve to work collaboratively, even in the face of opposition, was fundamental to overcoming obstacles and paving the way for democracy.