Critically discuss why the negotiation process towards a democratic South Africa was not an easy process between 1990 and 1994 - NSC History - Question 5 - 2023 - Paper 2
Question 5
Critically discuss why the negotiation process towards a democratic South Africa was not an easy process between 1990 and 1994.
Use relevant evidence to support you... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Critically discuss why the negotiation process towards a democratic South Africa was not an easy process between 1990 and 1994 - NSC History - Question 5 - 2023 - Paper 2
Step 1
Introduction
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Answer
The negotiation process towards a democratic South Africa between 1990 and 1994 was complex and fraught with challenges. Factors including political tensions, historical grievances, and distrust among parties influenced the difficulty of this process. This essay will critically discuss these aspects while providing relevant historical evidence.
Step 2
FW de Klerk took over from PW Botha in 1989 and introduced reforms
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FW de Klerk's ascendancy marked a pivotal change in South African politics. He initiated reforms aimed at dismantling apartheid but faced internal resistance from hardline factions within his own party, complicating negotiations.
Step 3
Release of Nelson Mandela on 11 February 1990 and banned political leaders in 1990
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Nelson Mandela's release symbolized a significant shift, yet it also highlighted the divisions between the National Party and the African National Congress (ANC). The release of other political leaders further complicated the political landscape.
Step 4
Unbanning of the ANC, the PAC and the SACP and other banned organisations
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The unbanning of these organizations in 1990 allowed for broader political participation, but it also led to increased tensions and violent clashes, demonstrating the risks associated with the negotiations.
Step 5
Groote Schuur Minute, 2 May 1990 - NP released political prisoners
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The Groote Schuur Minute represented a significant step towards dialogue. However, the limited scope of these talks raised questions about the sincerity of the National Party's commitment to change.
Step 6
Continued violence and inability of parties to agree on power-sharing
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Violence during this period, including incidents linked to the Third Force, indicated deep-rooted animosities and the inability of parties to forge a consensus on governance structures.
Step 7
CODESA (2 & 4 May 1992) - NP and ANC negotiate
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CODESA aimed to foster negotiations but highlighted the profound ideological differences between parties. The complexity of reaching a comprehensive agreement complicated the process further.
Step 8
Referendum results - landslide Yes
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The 1992 referendum showcased public support for a negotiated settlement, yet the 'No' voters revealed persistent fears and opposition among various groups, complicating the path towards final agreements.
Step 9
Meyer and Ramaphosa's commitment to negotiations
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The joint efforts of leaders like Meyer and Ramaphosa represented a crucial commitment to peace. However, the challenges they faced from factions opposed to negotiations illustrated the fragility of the process.
Step 10
Conclusion
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In summary, the negotiation process towards a democratic South Africa was hindered by political tensions, historical grievances, and societal divisions. The path was characterized by significant milestones as well as profound challenges. Ultimately, understanding this period requires a nuanced appreciation of the various factors at play.
