The MMA (Motorist Monitoring Agency) keeps a database on all motorist information and their offences - NSC Information Technology - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 2

1. The primary key must be unique for each record in the table, ensuring that no two records can have the same value in this field.
2. The primary key cannot contain null values; every record must have a valid value for this field.

The best-suited field in the tblOffences table to establish a one-to-many relationship with the tblMotorists table is the IDNumber field. Each motorist can have multiple offences, while each offence is linked to a single motorist.

The suitable data type for the VehicleRegNumber field is Short Text. This is appropriate because vehicle registration numbers contain both letters and numbers, which cannot be accommodated by numeric data types.

Separating the name into two fields (Name and Surname) provides greater flexibility in data handling and reporting. It allows for easier sorting, filtering, and searching within the database, and ensures that each element of the name can be used individually in various applications.

Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary repetition of data within a database, which can lead to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in data management.

The process is known as normalization. Normalization involves organizing the database structure to reduce redundancy and improve data integrity.

An example of useful information is establishing the frequency of offences, such as identifying the most common type of offence recorded within a specific timeframe.

Step 3, which involves transforming information into knowledge, could be applied by analyzing the frequency of offences to develop strategies for increasing police enforcement in areas with high occurrences. Step 4 would involve making informed decisions based on this analysis, such as allocating more resources to traffic control at hotspots identified in Step 3.

Fuzzy logic deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. An example in the context of traffic management might be evaluating drivers who frequently skip stop signs and categorizing them as 'high-risk' drivers even if they do not exhibit reckless driving in every instance.

SQL injection is a hacking technique where malicious SQL statements are inserted into input fields, allowing attackers to manipulate the underlying database.

An audit trail is a record that keeps track of who made changes to a database and when those changes were made, helping ensure accountability and transparency in data management.

The type of data integrity referred to in the diagram is logical integrity, which ensures that the data within a database is accurate and consistent.

Physical integrity of data pertains to the protection of data against physical threats, such as power surges, hardware failures, and natural disasters, ensuring that data remains intact and recoverable.

1. Providing a user interface component, such as a date picker or calendar, to facilitate the correct input of date values.
2. Implementing format checks and validation rules to ensure the inputted date follows the expected format.

Transaction processing ensures that all parts of a transaction are completed successfully before committing changes to the database. If any part fails, the entire transaction is rolled back to maintain data integrity, preventing incomplete or erroneous data entries.