The MMA (Motorist Monitoring Agency) keeps a database on all motorist information and their offences - NSC Information Technology - Question 4 - 2022 - Paper 2

1. The primary key must be unique, meaning no duplicate values are allowed in the IDNumber field.
2. It cannot be empty, meaning it is required to have a value (no null values are allowed).

The IDNumber field in the tblOffences table is best suited to establish a one-to-many relationship with the tblMotorists table, as multiple offences can be associated with a single motorist.

A more suitable data type for the VehicleRegNumber field would be Short Text. This is appropriate because vehicle registration numbers contain both letters and numbers, and a Short Text type is flexible enough to accommodate this format.

Splitting the NameAndSurname field into two distinct fields (Name and Surname) allows for better data management, as it provides more flexibility in manipulating or displaying the data. This separation is particularly useful for sorting, categorizing, or searching by first or last name.

Data redundancy refers to the unnecessary repetition of data within a database. It often leads to inconsistencies and inefficient storage.

The process is known as normalization. Normalization organizes the data within the database to minimize redundancy and dependency.

An example of useful information is establishing the frequency of different types of offences, such as identifying the most common offence committed during the observed period.

Step 3 involves processing the data to obtain relevant insights, such as the frequency of offences. Step 4 relates to making informed decisions based on this information, which could include increasing police presence at locations with frequent offences.

Fuzzy logic is a form of reasoning that deals with varying degrees of truth rather than the usual true or false values. An applicable example could be categorizing drivers as 'reckless' based on their offence frequency rather than strict criteria.

SQL injection is a hacking technique where malicious SQL statements are entered into input fields instead of data, allowing unauthorized access or manipulation of the database.

An audit trail is a record or 'trail' that keeps track of who made changes to a database and when those changes were made. It helps in maintaining accountability and tracking alterations.

The type of data integrity referred to is logical integrity, which ensures that the data is accurate and consistent in the context of its intended usage.

Physical integrity of data entails ensuring that data is protected against damage from power surges, natural disasters, and hardware failures, safeguarding against loss and corruption.

1. Use input controls such as date pickers or dropdowns to limit user input to valid dates.
2. Implement input validation checks that format the date correctly and restrict input to the accepted date format.

Transaction processing ensures data integrity by treating a database transaction as a single unit of work. If any part of the transaction fails, all changes are rolled back, ensuring that the database remains consistent and accurate.