The tour company requires the use of a database management system to store details of tours and tour guides - NSC Information Technology - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 4
The tour company requires the use of a database management system to store details of tours and tour guides.
4.1 Which ONE of the following is an example of a DBMS?... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The tour company requires the use of a database management system to store details of tours and tour guides - NSC Information Technology - Question 4 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
4.1 Which ONE of the following is an example of a DBMS?
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Answer
The correct answer is Oracle, as it is a recognized database management system used for storing and managing data.
Step 2
4.2 Name TWO aspects of database design that should be addressed to ensure effective functionality.
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Answer
Two important aspects of database design include:
Data integrity, which ensures accuracy and consistency of data over its lifecycle.
Data security, which protects data from unauthorized access and breaches.
Step 3
4.3.1 Explain what a record in a database is.
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Answer
A record in a database is defined as a collection of fields that constitutes one row of data or particulars about an entity. For example, in the tblTours table, each row represents a specific tour with associated details.
Step 4
4.3.2 Identify ONE field where the data type needs to be changed AND suggest a more suitable data type.
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Answer
The StartDate or EndDate fields are currently set to text and should be changed to a DateTime data type to accurately reflect date values and perform date-related operations.
Step 5
4.3.3(a) Explain what an update anomaly is, using the tour guide Kajal Singh as an example.
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An update anomaly occurs when a single update must be applied to multiple records in the database to maintain consistency. For instance, if Kajal Singh's telephone number changes, it must be updated in every record where she is listed as the tour guide, which can lead to errors or inconsistencies if some records are accidentally left unchanged.
Step 6
4.3.3(b) Explain the basic steps that should be followed when the tblTours table has to be normalised.
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The basic steps to normalise the tblTours table are:
Identify and separate data into different tables based on relationships.
Ensure each table has a primary key to uniquely identify each record.
Establish relationships between tables to maintain data integrity, typically through foreign keys.
Step 7
4.3.4 What is the result after executing this statement?
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Answer
The SQL statement 'DELETE FROM tblTours' will remove all records from the tblTours table. However, the table structure will remain intact, meaning new records could still be added after this operation.
Step 8
4.4 Briefly explain how the use of parallel data sets prevents loss of data.
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Parallel data sets prevent loss of data by mirroring or duplicating data across multiple datasets. If one set fails, the other remains functional, thus ensuring data availability and reliability.
Step 9
4.5 Explain what data mining is.
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Data mining refers to the process of using software to identify patterns and extract useful information from large volumes of data. It allows organizations to make informed decisions by analyzing existing data for trends and insights.
Step 10
4.6 Explain how SQL injection can be used as a hacking tool.
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SQL injection is a type of cyber attack where malicious SQL code is inserted into a database query. This can allow an attacker to access, manipulate, or take control of sensitive data, highlighting the importance of secure coding practices to prevent such vulnerabilities.
Step 11
4.7.1 Give TWO reasons why distributed databases are used.
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Two reasons for using distributed databases include:
Improved data access speed, as data can be located closer to the user.
Enhanced data reliability and availability through redundancy across multiple locations.
Step 12
4.7.2 Name the TWO models of distributed databases that are based on the way that data on various servers remain up to date and synchronised.
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The two models are:
Duplication, where the same data is stored at multiple locations.
Partitioning, where data is divided into distinct pieces stored across various locations but can still be queried as a whole.
