Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2019 - Paper 2
Question 1
Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the answer and write only the letter (A to D) next to the question numbers (1.1.1... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 1 - 2019 - Paper 2
Step 1
1.1.1 Which ONE of the following characteristics applies to bipedal organisms?
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Answer
Bipedal organisms typically have a long, wide pelvis, allowing for efficient bipedal locomotion. Therefore, the correct answer is C: A long, wide pelvis.
Step 2
1.1.2 Which ONE of the following statements about biodiversity is CORRECT?
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Answer
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life in a particular habitat or ecosystem. The correct statement is A: Speciation increases biodiversity.
Step 3
1.1.3 Which ONE of the following compounds contains amino acids?
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Answer
Proteins are made up of amino acids, making the correct answer B: Protein.
Step 4
1.1.4 Which statements describe the characteristics of discontinuous variation?
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Answer
Discontinuous variation refers to characteristics that fall into distinct categories, such as blood group. The correct answer is D: P, Q, R, and S.
Step 5
1.2.1 The analysis of DNA samples to identify individuals that may be related.
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Answer
The biological term is 'DNA profiling.'
Step 6
1.2.2 The sugar found in RNA.
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The sugar found in RNA is 'ribose.'
Step 7
1.2.3 The structure in an animal cell that forms spindle fibres.
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Answer
The term for this structure is 'centrioles.'
Step 8
1.2.4 Undifferentiated animal cells that can give rise to specialised cell types.
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Answer
These cells are known as 'stem cells.'
Step 9
1.2.5 The division of the cytoplasm after a cell nucleus has divided.
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Answer
This process is called 'cytokinesis.'
Step 10
1.2.6 A diagram representing possible evolutionary relationships between species.
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Answer
'Phylogenetic tree' is the term for this diagram.
Step 11
1.4.3 Give the mRNA sequence, from left to right, for this segment of DNA.
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To give the mRNA sequence from DNA, replace thymine (T) with uracil (U).
Step 12
1.4.4 Give the sequence of amino acids that would be coded for by the section of DNA above.
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Answer
The amino acid sequence for the provided DNA triplet would be: Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Threonine, Asparagine, Leucine, Methionine.
Step 13
1.4.5 Give the anticodon for the amino acid methionine.
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The anticodon for methionine (AUG in mRNA) is UAC.
Step 14
1.5.1 Name: (a) This disorder
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This disorder is known as 'Down syndrome.'
Step 15
1.5.1 Name: (b) The phase in meiosis when non-disjunction occurs
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Answer
Non-disjunction can occur during Anaphase I or Anaphase II.
Step 16
1.5.1 Name: (c) The type of mutation that is a result of non-disjunction
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Answer
'Aneuploidy' is the type of mutation resulting from non-disjunction.
Step 17
1.5.2 Identify the type of chromosomes numbered 1 to 22.
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The type of chromosomes numbered 1 to 22 are 'autosomes.'
Step 18
1.6.1 Name: (a) TWO hominid genera in the table above.
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Answer
The two hominid genera are 'Sahelanthropus' and 'Australopithecus.'
Step 19
1.6.1 Name: (b) TWO fossils of A. africanus that were found in South Africa.
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Answer
Two fossils are 'Taung child' and 'Mrs. Ples.'
Step 20
1.6.1 Name: (c) The genus that appeared first on Earth as shown in the table.
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The genus that appeared first is 'Sahelanthropus.'
Step 21
1.6.2 Which hominid had a cranial capacity closest to that of Homo sapiens?
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Answer
'Homo neanderthalensis' had a cranial capacity closest to that of Homo sapiens.
Step 22
1.6.3 Give the smallest cranial capacity (in cm³) of a Homo species.
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The smallest cranial capacity is '650 cm³.'
Step 23
1.6.4 When did Australopithecus africanus become extinct?
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'Australopithecus africanus became extinct approximately 2 million years ago.'
Step 24
1.6.5 Fossils are used as evidence of hominid evolution. Name TWO other lines of evidence.
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Two other lines of evidence are 'genetic evidence' and 'cultural evidence.'
