3.1 State ONE change in the nerve tissue of the brain that can cause Alzheimer's disease - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 3
3.1 State ONE change in the nerve tissue of the brain that can cause Alzheimer's disease.
From the extract, state:
(a) ONE symptom of Alzheimer's disease
(b) A genet... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:3.1 State ONE change in the nerve tissue of the brain that can cause Alzheimer's disease - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
ONE change in the nerve tissue of the brain that can cause Alzheimer's disease
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Degeneration or wasting away of nerve tissue.
Step 2
ONE symptom of Alzheimer's disease
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Worsening ability to remember new information.
Step 3
A genetic risk factor
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Answer
Family history of Alzheimer's disease.
Step 4
TWO functions of the hippocampus
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Learning ability.
Orientation.
Step 5
TWO factors that were considered when selecting the participants for this investigation
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Age group: between the ages of 65 and 75.
Participants did not show symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.
Step 6
How the investigation improved understanding of Alzheimer's disease
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The investigation helped establish the relationship between exercise and blood flow to the brain, which is vital for enhancing higher-order thinking abilities.
Step 7
Why this investigation cannot determine if regular exercise reduces the risk of Alzheimer's disease
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The investigation did not establish a causal relationship since no changes in the nervous tissue were measured.
Step 8
How exercise may help in maintaining the volume of the hippocampus
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Exercise improves blood flow to the brain, which can prevent a decrease in higher-order thinking and cognitive abilities.
Step 9
Identify Organ X
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Kidney.
Step 10
Identify the system to which the adrenal gland belongs
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Endocrine system.
Step 11
TWO characteristics of the type of glands
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They release hormones directly into the blood.
They are ductless.
Step 12
Interaction between the adrenal gland and organ X
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When salt levels are low, the adrenal glands are stimulated to secrete more aldosterone, which promotes salt reabsorption in the kidney.
Step 13
Effect of a secretion of the pituitary gland on organ X during dehydration
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The secretion of ADH will increase, leading to increased permeability of the renal tubules.
Step 14
Homeostatic mechanism that brings about the change in skin temperature
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Thermoregulation.
Step 15
Part of the brain responsible for this mechanism
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Hypothalamus.
Step 16
Identify part P
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Sweat gland.
Step 17
Identify part Q
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Capillary/blood vessel.
Step 18
Percentage decrease in skin temperature
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Answer
The percentage decrease is calculated as follows:
rac{37.4 - 35.4}{37.4} imes 100 = 5.35ackslash%
Step 19
Roles of part P and Q in the change in skin temperature
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Part Q dilated, causing more blood to flow to the surface of the skin, while part P became more active, producing more sweat, which facilitated heat loss through evaporation.
Step 20
Independent variable for the investigation
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Presence or absence of auxins.
Step 21
Dependent variable for the investigation
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Growth of lateral branches.
Step 22
Why all the plants were exposed to the same environmental conditions
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To ensure that the results are caused solely by the presence of auxins, which increases the validity of the investigation.
Step 23
Why agar without auxins was used in plant C
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To act as a control and show that the results of Plant D are due to the presence of auxins and not the agar jelly.
Step 24
Conclusion for the investigation
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The presence of auxins slows down the growth of lateral branches.
