The diagrams below show the re-absorption of salt and water through the tubules of a nephron in the kidney under three different conditions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1
Question 3
The diagrams below show the re-absorption of salt and water through the tubules of a nephron in the kidney under three different conditions. The width of the arrows ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagrams below show the re-absorption of salt and water through the tubules of a nephron in the kidney under three different conditions - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2019 - Paper 1
Step 1
3.1.1 Name the hormone in a human body that is responsible for controlling the: (a) Water content
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Answer
The hormone responsible for controlling water content in the human body is the Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin.
Step 2
3.1.1 Name the hormone in a human body that is responsible for controlling the: (b) Salt content
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Answer
The hormone that regulates salt content in the body is Aldosterone.
Step 3
3.1.2 Name the gland that secretes the hormone in QUESTION 3.1.1(b).
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The gland that secretes Aldosterone is the adrenal gland.
Step 4
3.1.3 Which diagram (1, 2, or 3) would represent a person who had eaten salty chips on a hot day without any intake of water?
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Answer
Diagram 3 would represent a person who had eaten salty chips on a hot day without any intake of water. This is because the body is likely to retain more salt and water, leading to less re-absorption and more concentration of urine.
Step 5
3.1.4 Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.1.3.
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Answer
In Diagram 3, the width of the arrows indicates that less water is being reabsorbed in the renal tubules. This suggests a higher salt concentration in the blood, which would lead to the secretion of less water in urine. This is consistent with the body attempting to conserve water due to dehydration from the salty intake and hot conditions.
