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The diagram below represents a stage during the synthesis of a certain protein - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 2
Question 2
The diagram below represents a stage during the synthesis of a certain protein. Identify organelle 3. Describe the role of molecule 1 during this stage of protein s... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The diagram below represents a stage during the synthesis of a certain protein - NSC Life Sciences - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 2
Step 1
Step 2
Describe the role of molecule 1 during this stage of protein synthesis.
Answer
Molecule 1 represents mRNA (messenger RNA). Its role is to carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where it serves as a template for the synthesis of proteins based on the sequence of codons.
Step 3
Step 4
Explain the possible reason for this.
Answer
The replacement of alanine with tryptophan in the amino acid sequence could be due to a mutation that changed the sequence of nitrogenous bases on the DNA from GGG to GAA, where mRNA changed from CCC to C U U, which replaces C. This change can affect the function and properties of the protein being synthesized.
Step 5
Describe transcription.
Answer
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into mRNA. During transcription, the DNA double helix unwinds, and one of the strands serves as a template for synthesizing a complementary RNA strand. RNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes this process, resulting in the formation of pre-mRNA, which is then processed into mature mRNA. This mature mRNA exits the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm for translation.