3.1 Identify part A - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 1
Question 3
3.1 Identify part A.
3.1.2 Explain why a person may die if part C is damaged.
3.1.3 Part B is damaged in a person's lower back.
(a) Part B.
(b) Explain why the p... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:3.1 Identify part A - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2022 - Paper 1
Step 1
Identify part A.
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Answer
Part A is the Corpus Callosum.
Step 2
Explain why a person may die if part C is damaged.
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Answer
If part C, the medulla oblongata, is damaged, vital functions such as heartbeat and breathing control may cease. This can lead to respiratory failure and subsequently, death.
Step 3
Part B is damaged in a person's lower back.
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Answer
Part B is the Spinal Cord.
Step 4
(a) Part B.
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Part B refers to the Spinal Cord.
Step 5
(b) Explain why the person will have no control of the skeletal muscles of the legs.
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Answer
The spinal cord transmits impulses from the brain to the skeletal muscles. Damage to the spinal cord prevents these signals from reaching the muscles, leading to loss of movement and control.
Step 6
Explain why this data may not be accurate for the region named in QUESTION 3.2.1.
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The data may not accurately reflect the number of severe brain injuries in Africa due to underreporting and poor healthcare facilities, which could lead to many cases going unrecorded.
Step 7
Draw a bar graph to represent the data in the table.
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To create a bar graph, label the x-axis with 'Regions of the World' and the y-axis with 'Number of Severe Brain Injuries per 100,000 People per Year'. Each region should be plotted with equal-width bars representing the number of injuries.
Step 8
Identify part C.
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Part C is the Cochlea.
Step 9
State ONE function of: (a) Part D.
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Part D absorbs excess pressure waves and prevents echoes.
Step 10
(b) The receptors found in part C.
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The receptors in part C convert sound waves into electrical impulses.
Step 11
Explain why a build-up of ear wax at part A may result in temporary hearing loss.
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A build-up of ear wax at part A can block sound waves from reaching the inner ear, which can result in temporary hearing loss.
Step 12
Explain how the use of grommets in the treatment of middle-ear infections prevents hearing loss.
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Grommets allow air to flow into the middle ear through the eardrum, which helps to equalize pressure and prevents fluid accumulation that could impair hearing.
Step 13
Describe how the receptors in part B are involved in maintaining balance when there are changes in the speed and direction of movement of the head.
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The receptors in part B detect changes in motion. They send signals to the brain to inform it about the changes in speed and direction, which helps in maintaining balance.
Step 14
Identify: (a) Independent variable.
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The independent variable is whether the participants are wearing a face mask or not.
Step 15
(b) Dependent variable.
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The dependent variable is the carbon dioxide levels in blood.
Step 16
State TWO factors that were taken into consideration in the selection of the participants.
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Factors included selecting healthy individuals and ensuring a good age range among participants.
Step 17
Give ONE reason why the results at the end of this investigation may be considered reliable.
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The results may be considered reliable due to the consistent method used for measuring carbon dioxide levels.
Step 18
Explain why scientists allowed a 15-minute interval between each phase.
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A 15-minute interval ensured that the carbon dioxide levels returned to baseline before the next measurement.
Step 19
Give a reason why the carbon dioxide levels were measured while participants were sitting still.
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Measuring while sitting still helps to minimize variables that could affect carbon dioxide levels, ensuring more accurate results.
Step 20
Describe the homeostatic control of carbon dioxide when it is high in blood.
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When carbon dioxide levels are high, receptors in the carotid artery send signals to the medulla oblongata, which stimulates faster breathing, thus increasing exhalation of carbon dioxide and restoring balance.
Step 21
Name TWO places in plants where auxins are produced.
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Auxins are produced in the stem tips and root tips of plants.
Step 22
State TWO ways in which auxins can increase in the length of stems.
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Auxins facilitate cell division and promote cell elongation in stems.
Step 23
Name ONE other plant hormone that causes an increase in the length of stems.
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Gibberellins are another plant hormone that promotes stem elongation.
Step 24
Explain how auxins can be used in plant propagation to the advantage of nature conservation.
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Auxins can enhance root development in cuttings, increasing the success rate of propagation and helping to conserve plant species that may be facing extinction.
