3.1.1 Draw a bar graph to represent the percentage contribution of sewage, farm runoff, industrial waste and organic litter to marine pollution - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 1
Question 3
3.1.1 Draw a bar graph to represent the percentage contribution of sewage, farm runoff, industrial waste and organic litter to marine pollution.
3.1.2 Untreated sew... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:3.1.1 Draw a bar graph to represent the percentage contribution of sewage, farm runoff, industrial waste and organic litter to marine pollution - NSC Life Sciences - Question 3 - 2018 - Paper 1
Step 1
Draw a bar graph to represent the percentage contribution of sewage, farm runoff, industrial waste and organic litter to marine pollution.
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Answer
To draw a bar graph, first label the x-axis as 'Sources of Marine Pollution' and the y-axis as 'Percentage Contribution to Pollution'. Next, ensure each bar is evenly spaced and accurately represents the data: sewage (30), farm runoff (20), industrial waste (10), offshore oil (5), and organic litter (5). Finally, include a title such as 'Contribution of Various Sources to Marine Pollution'.
Step 2
Describe how this pollution reduces oxygen levels in the water.
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Answer
Untreated sewage and organic litter introduce nutrients into the water, leading to eutrophication. This increase in nutrient levels promotes algal blooms, which blocks sunlight from reaching aquatic plants, thereby hindering photosynthesis. As algae die, their decomposition depletes oxygen levels in the water, creating hypoxic conditions that can harm aquatic life.
Step 3
Name the hormone that is secreted in the person's body in response to a dangerous situation.
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The hormone secreted during a dangerous situation is Adrenaline.
Step 4
State THREE effects that the hormone in QUESTION 3.2.1 has on the body.
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Increases heart rate, which enhances blood flow.
Stimulates the conversion of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels.
Describe the homeostatic control of blood glucose levels in a person who consumed a drink with a large amount of sugar.
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When a person consumes a drink high in sugar, blood glucose levels rise above normal. The pancreas responds by secreting insulin, which promotes glucose absorption by muscle and liver cells. As glucose enters these cells, blood glucose levels begin to decrease back towards normal. In contrast, when blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas reduces insulin secretion and may release glucagon, which stimulates the liver to release glucose back into the bloodstream.
Step 6
State the dependent variable in this investigation.
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The dependent variable is the volume of urine produced.
Step 7
TWO planning steps that the investigators had to take before the investigation could start.
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Decide on the time/date/place to conduct the investigation.
Decide on the apparatus/materials needed to be used during the investigation.
Step 8
TWO factors that need to remain constant, other than the ones already mentioned.
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The environmental conditions (such as room temperature).
The same type and volume of beer consumed by both groups.
Step 9
TWO steps that the investigators took to ensure the reliability of the investigation.
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Use a large sample size, which helps to minimize the impact of outliers.
Conduct the investigation under controlled conditions to reduce variability.
Step 10
Explain how the intake of alcohol influences the secretion of ADH and consequently the volume of urine produced by the kidneys.
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Alcohol inhibits the secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), leading to increased permeability of the renal tubules. With decreased ADH levels, less water is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream, resulting in a larger volume of urine produced by the kidneys.
Step 11
State the role of the boxes in the investigation.
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The boxes ensure that each plant receives light from only one direction while controlling for external light interference.
Step 12
Name the hormone that is removed by cutting off the apical bud from plant B.
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The hormone that is removed is Auxin (IAA, indole acetic acid).
Step 13
Tabulate TWO differences between plants A and B you would expect after two weeks.
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Plant A
Plant B
The stem of the plant will bend towards the light.
The stem of the plant will remain straight and not grow towards the light.
Does not have lateral branches/lower lateral branches will grow.
All the lateral branches will grow along the whole stem.
Step 14
Explain the effect that the gibberellins had on the plant by referring to the changes observed in the diagram.
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Gibberellins promote stem elongation which results in taller plants. In the diagram, plant B appears taller and exhibits extended internodes compared to its original structure, indicating that gibberellins stimulated growth.
