Research was done along a section of South Africa's coast to determine a baseline of the numbers of four fish species observed in and around kelp forests - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 2

To calculate the average for each species, sum the counts for each fish species and divide by the number of counts.

• Hottentot: (39 + 35 + 37) / 3 = 37
• Galjoen: (22 + 27 + 29) / 3 = 26
• Strepie: (20 + 18 + 19) / 3 = 19
• Blacktail: (18 + 17 + 16) / 3 = 17

So, the averages are:

• Hottentot: 37
• Galjoen: 26
• Strepie: 19
• Blacktail: 17

To represent the averages in a pie chart:

• First, convert the averages into degrees:
  • Hottentot: $\frac{37}{99} \cdot 360 \approx 139$ degrees
  • Galjoen: $\frac{26}{99} \cdot 360 \approx 95$ degrees
  • Strepie: $\frac{19}{99} \cdot 360 \approx 69$ degrees
  • Blacktail: $\frac{17}{99} \cdot 360 \approx 62$ degrees
• Round these values to the nearest whole number when drawing.
• The pie chart should have segments labeled Hottentot, Galjoen, Strepie, and Blacktail with their respective degrees.

1. The time of day researchers conducted their sampling.
2. The same transect was used for each count.

The investigation was conducted along the South coast of South Africa.

The kelp forest thrives due to specific environmental conditions:

1. Cold water: Essential for kelp growth, enhancing nutrient availability.
2. Upwelling: Brings nutrient-rich water from the depths, supporting biodiversity.
3. Nutrient-rich substrate: Provides a solid foundation for kelp attachment and growth.
4. Active wave action: Helps to rejuvenate the kelp and prevents sediment buildup, allowing for effective photosynthesis.