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The president of South Africa has recently mentioned the proposed development of smart cities (powered by modern technology) - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1
Question 4
The president of South Africa has recently mentioned the proposed development of smart cities (powered by modern technology). These cities would be built close to la... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The president of South Africa has recently mentioned the proposed development of smart cities (powered by modern technology) - NSC Marine Sciences - Question 4 - 2023 - Paper 1
Step 1
Explain why it has been proposed that a river mouth needs to be dammed for effective tidal power electricity generation.
Answer
Damming a river mouth is essential for effective tidal power generation because it enables the creation of a controlled environment where the tidal flow can be harnessed efficiently. A dam can help trap water during high tide, creating a significant difference in water level when the tide recedes. This tidal difference increases gravitational potential energy, which can then be converted into electrical energy using turbines. For optimal power generation, an average tidal difference greater than 5 meters is required, ensuring maximum energy extraction.
Step 2
Continue by discussing TWO separate alternative forms of electricity generation with the ocean as a source.
Answer
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Wave Energy: Wave energy utilizes the surface motion of the ocean waves to generate electricity. This can be done through various technologies, such as oscillating water columns and point absorbers, which convert the up-and-down movement of waves into mechanical energy that drives generators.
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Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): OTEC leverages the temperature difference between warmer surface ocean water and colder deep ocean water to produce electricity. This method works by using a heat exchanger to vaporize a working fluid, which drives a turbine to generate power before being condensed back into a liquid.
Step 3
Discuss how South Africa can act immediately to manage energy supply.
Answer
South Africa can take immediate steps to manage energy supply by investing in renewable energy resources such as wind and solar power to diversify its energy mix. Additionally, the government can implement energy efficiency measures across industries and residential areas, while encouraging smart grid technologies to better manage energy distribution and consumption. Furthermore, public education campaigns can create awareness about energy conservation, promoting a culture of energy saving among citizens.
Step 4
Critically evaluate the government's focus on international private investment in a public-private project.
Answer
The government's focus on attracting international private investment in projects can provide necessary funding and expertise, which are often lacking in public resources. However, relying heavily on private investment may lead to prioritization of profit over public good, resulting in potential socio-economic disparities. Moreover, international investors might impose conditions that do not align with national priorities. Therefore, while private investment is essential for rapid development, a balance must be struck to ensure local interests and sustainable practices are not compromised.
Step 5
In your conclusion, discuss why smart cities need renewable energy.
Answer
Smart cities require renewable energy sources to ensure sustainability and reduce their carbon footprint. As urban populations grow, the demand for energy increases, making it crucial to adopt clean energy alternatives to mitigate climate change impacts. Renewable energy systems can provide a stable, low-cost electricity supply while minimizing reliance on fossil fuels. Furthermore, integrating renewable energy sources into urban infrastructure supports the resilience of smart cities, enabling them to adapt to environmental challenges and foster a healthier living environment.