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The use of the internal combustion engine in ships was introduced in the early 1900s, and the Royal Dutch Shell tanker Vulcanus (built 1910) was probably the first motorship - NSC Maritime Economics - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 1
Question 2
The use of the internal combustion engine in ships was introduced in the early 1900s, and the Royal Dutch Shell tanker Vulcanus (built 1910) was probably the first m... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The use of the internal combustion engine in ships was introduced in the early 1900s, and the Royal Dutch Shell tanker Vulcanus (built 1910) was probably the first motorship - NSC Maritime Economics - Question 2 - 2024 - Paper 1
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2.1.1 Before the development of internal combustion engines, what was the name of the engines that were famously used by ships?
Answer
The engines that were famously used by ships before the development of internal combustion engines were steam engines. These engines utilized steam power generated from boiling water to drive the ship's machinery.
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2.1.3 Give a brief explanation of the effects on shipping of the change in ship propulsion from the one indicated in Question 2.1.1 to motorships.
Answer
The transition from steam engines to internal combustion engines marked a significant shift in maritime technology. Internal combustion engines provided several advantages:
- More Cargo Space: Motorships could be designed with increased cargo capacity because they did not require large coal bunkers.
- Longer Range: Motorships could travel further distances without the need for regular refueling, enhancing trade and shipping efficiency.
- Environmental Benefits: Modern engines are often more environmentally friendly, reducing harmful emissions compared to coal-powered steam engines.
- Less Manpower: The operation of motorships generally requires a smaller crew, leading to reduced operational costs.
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2.1.4 Give THREE ways in which shipowners are currently ensuring that their ships operate efficiently with regards to fuel consumption and contribute less greenhouse gas emissions.
Answer
Shipowners are currently implementing several strategies to enhance fuel efficiency and minimize emissions:
- Use of Scrubbers: Implementing scrubbers helps in cleaning exhaust gases, thereby meeting environmental regulations while reducing pollution.
- Adoption of Cleaner Fuels: Transitioning to cleaner fuels, such as LNG (liquefied natural gas), mitigates harmful emissions significantly.
- Innovative Hull Designs: Investing in new hull designs and anti-fouling paint improves hydrodynamics, reducing drag, and ultimately saving fuel.
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2.2.2 What was the average number of product tankers that called into the port from 2018 to 2023?
Answer
To calculate the average number of product tankers from 2018 to 2023, we sum the number of product tankers for these years and divide by the total number of years:
ext{Average} = rac{(134 + 131 + 145 + 136 + 123 + 139)}{6} = rac{ 808}{6} ≈ 134.67
Thus, the average number of product tankers is approximately 135.
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2.2.7 A steel mill that makes use of the Port of Utlukufu for imports and exports was expanded. Giving a reason for your answer, which year was the steel mill expansion completed?
Answer
The steel mill expansion at the Port of Utlukufu was completed in 2021, as the expansion was likely driven by the increased demand observed in the following years.
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2.3.2 What does the news mean for South African seafaring and economy?
Answer
The news about the IMEC Cadet Training Program indicates a positive outlook for South African seafaring and the economy. It highlights the potential for increased employment opportunities for young seafarers, which can lead to economic growth in the maritime sector. Moreover, it reflects an unprecedented demand for South African cadets, enhancing the country's position in the global maritime industry.
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