Which ONE of the following is the product formed in the Haber process? A - NSC Physical Sciences - Question 1 - 2017 - Paper 2

A carbonyl group is characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O). This group is found in various organic compounds. The choices presented are: A. alcohols B. ketones C. haloalkanes D. carboxylic acids

The correct answer is B. ketones, as they specifically contain a carbonyl group.

To identify the IUPAC name of the compound from the structure provided in the exam, one would typically analyze the longest carbon chain, the position of double bonds, and any substituents. Given the choices: A. 2,3-dimethyl-2-ene B. 2,2-dimethylbut-2-ene C. 1,1,2-trimethylprop-1-ene D. 1,1,2,2-tetramethylethene

By following IUPAC naming rules, one would derive the correct name.

In the reaction represented: $CH_3CH=CHCH_3 \xrightarrow{\text{X}} CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2{CH_2}$ A type of reaction is evaluated where the product is derived from alkenes. Here, X is likely an addition agent. Thus, the correct answer regarding the type of reaction and IUPAC name of product X would be: A. Elimination Product X: Ethane

Therefore, the answer is C. Addition, Ethane.

The equation: $2NaCl + 2H_2 \rightarrow Cl_2 + 2NaOH$ This equation shows the reaction occurring in a galvanic cell. Analyzing the statements: A. galvanic cell and absorbs energy. B. galvanic cell and releases energy. C. electrolytic cell and absorbs energy. D. electrolytic cell and releases energy.

The process reflects a galvanic cell releasing energy (the reaction is spontaneous), thus the correct answer is B.

In the electrochemical cell reaction: $Ni(s) + Pb^{2+}(aq) \rightarrow Ni^{2+}(aq) + Pb(s)$ Analyzing options: A. Pb at the anode to Ni at the cathode. B. Pb at the cathode to Ni at the anode. C. Ni at the cathode to Pb at the anode. D. Ni at the anode to Pb at the cathode.

Since oxidation occurs at the anode and reduction at the cathode, the correct choice is A.

A solution with a pH of 1 indicates a very acidic solution, thus it: A. contains no OH⁻ ions. B. neutralizes a hydrochloric acid solution of pH = 1. C. contains a higher concentration of H₂O⁻ ions than OH⁻ ions. D. contains a higher concentration of OH⁻ ions than H₂O⁻ ions.

The correct answer is A, since it has a high concentration of H⁺ ions, leading to minimal OH⁻ ions.

In relation to the activation energy (Ea) and the heat of reaction (ΔH), evaluating the given values: A. 50 kJ·mol⁻¹, -100 kJ·mol⁻¹ B. 50 kJ·mol⁻¹, +100 kJ·mol⁻¹ C. +50 kJ·mol⁻¹ D. -100 kJ·mol⁻¹

The context of thermodynamics shows that not all combinations are possible. Particularly, the relationship between activation energy and enthalpy change cannot yield negative ΔH with positive Ea in a spontaneous reaction, thus the correct option is C, which is not feasible.

According to the given reaction: $CO(g) + 2H_2(g) \rightleftharpoons CH_3OH(g)$ at equilibrium, considering stoichiometry and Le Chatelier's principle, if the system shifts to favor the products, at equilibrium, one would expect: A. 1 mol. B. 2 mol. C. less than 1 mol. D. greater than 1 mol.

Since both reactants initially are equal, the correct choice is B, resulting in the production of one mol of methanol.

In the graphical representation of concentration against time for a reaction influenced by a catalyst, the following options must be considered: A, B, C, D showing different potential changes in concentration due to catalysis.

Catalysts generally lower the activation energy, increasing rate without altering overall product concentration. Among the graphs, the correct one should illustrate a quicker approach to equilibrium. Thus, the answer is determined based on visual evaluation of the options.