2.1 Discuss the central teachings of ONE religion under the following headings: 2.1.1 The nature of the world 2.1.2 Reward and punishment 2.2 Compare the role of sacred texts in Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic religions - NSC Religion Studies - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 2

In African Traditional Religion, the concepts of reward and punishment are closely tied to the role of ancestors. It is believed that the ancestors can punish or reward the living based on their adherence to cultural values and obligations.

1. Reward comes in the form of blessings or protection, seen as the ancestors guiding individuals towards a prosperous life.
2. Punishment may manifest as misfortune or personal affliction, indicative of disconnection with ancestral values. The belief in 'bad blood' can reflect one's standing with the ancestors, encouraging moral living to foster spiritual wellbeing.

Sacred texts serve fundamental roles within both Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic religions, though with notable differences:

1. Abrahamic Religions (e.g., Christianity, Islam): Sacred texts are viewed as direct words from God, holding absolute authority and serving as ultimate guides for moral and spiritual conduct. These texts are often exclusive and central to the faith's identity, creating a unified belief system among followers.

2. Non-Abrahamic Religions (e.g., Buddhism, Hinduism): In these traditions, texts often contribute to spiritual and philosophical insights rather than dictating absolute law. They are viewed more as guides, allowing for individual interpretation and pluralism in practice. This creates a diverse understanding of spirituality where multiple texts can coexist and provide varying paths.

Hermeneutics involves the interpretation and understanding of texts, especially sacred ones. Four important hermeneutical principles include:

1. Historical Context: Emphasizes understanding a text based on the cultural and temporal circumstances in which it was written. Recognizing the time and situation allows for deeper comprehension.

2. Clearest Meaning: Focuses on interpreting the text in a manner that is straightforward and accessible to the reader. The goal is to derive a clear understanding that aligns with the intention of the author.

3. Plan, Purpose, and Context: Reminds readers that the overarching plan or purpose of the document must be considered. Each segment of the text needs to be understood as part of the whole.

4. Figurative and Literal Language: Encourages the recognition of various forms of expression in the text. Understanding when figurative language is used can enhance the interpretation while ensuring that literal meanings are not overlooked.