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2.1 Explain the historical reasons why internal differences exist in the following religions: 2.1.1 Hinduism 2.1.2 Christianity 2.1.3 African Traditional Religion 2.2 With reference to any ONE religion, discuss the internal differences that exist in terms of governance (organisation of the religion). - NSC Religion Studies - Question 2 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 2
2.1 Explain the historical reasons why internal differences exist in the following religions: 2.1.1 Hinduism 2.1.2 Christianity 2.1.3 African Traditional Religion ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:2.1 Explain the historical reasons why internal differences exist in the following religions: 2.1.1 Hinduism 2.1.2 Christianity 2.1.3 African Traditional Religion 2.2 With reference to any ONE religion, discuss the internal differences that exist in terms of governance (organisation of the religion). - NSC Religion Studies - Question 2 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
Explain the historical reasons why internal differences exist in Hinduism
Answer
Hinduism is often viewed not as a single religion, but rather as an umbrella term for a variety of beliefs and practices. The internal differences in Hinduism can be attributed to both geographical and interpretative factors.
Firstly, the vast Indian subcontinent showcases a wide range of languages and regional deities, leading to diverse interpretations and worship practices. Despite this diversity, there was historically no significant breakaway movement within Hinduism, as most reformers operated within its overall framework. An important historical aspect is the rise of Buddhism in the 19th century, which prompted a re-evaluation of traditional Hindu beliefs in light of new cultural influences introduced by British colonial rule.
Moreover, various groups such as the Brahmo Samaj and Arya Samaj emerged, which sought to reform and modernize certain practices. In contemporary times, movements such as the Divine Life Society and ISKON have also contributed to the diversification of beliefs and practices within Hinduism.
Step 2
Explain the historical reasons why internal differences exist in Christianity
Answer
Christianity exhibits significant internal differences primarily due to its historical branches, particularly concerning the status of the Holy Spirit in the Trinity.
The two main branches are the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. The Roman Catholic Church, based in Rome, encountered major challenges during the 15th century from various reform movements, notably those led by figures like Martin Luther. These reformers questioned the supreme authority of the Pope and the Catholic practices surrounding penance and forgiveness. Meanwhile, the Eastern Orthodox Church, traditionally centered in Constantinople, adheres to a church structure led by bishops, where authority is vested in the collective group of bishops rather than a single leader.
The proliferation of Protestantism further complicated the landscape, as this movement emphasized individual interpretation of the Scriptures and resulted in the establishment of various denominations, each with unique beliefs and governance structures.
Step 3
Explain the historical reasons why internal differences exist in African Traditional Religion
Answer
African Traditional Religions are deeply rooted in the unique cultures and histories of various African ethnic groups. The internal differences are largely influenced by localized practices, rituals, and cosmologies that differ from one region to another. The diversity among these religions typically stems from historical migrations, colonial influences, and the interaction with other major religions like Christianity and Islam.
As these contact points occurred, syncretism became common — the blending of traditional beliefs with new religious ideas. This has resulted in a broad spectrum of beliefs and practices, even within the same ethnic or geographical community. Governance structures in African Traditional Religions also vary, with some emphasizing communal leadership and consensus, while others may have defined leaders like chief priests. The role of ancestors and the emphasis on community rituals further contribute to the internal differences within African Traditional religions.
Step 4
With reference to any ONE religion, discuss the internal differences that exist in terms of governance (organisation of the religion)
Answer
Taking Christianity as a reference, the internal differences in governance are marked by the hierarchy and authority attributed to various church structures. Within Christianity, the Roman Catholic Church maintains a centralized authority led by the Pope, with a clear hierarchy of cardinals, bishops, and priests. Each diocese has its governance under a bishop, who oversees parishes.
In contrast, Protestant denominations often adopt a more decentralized approach, allowing individual churches greater autonomy. Some Protestant churches may operate through synods or general assemblies, where decisions are made collectively by elected representatives, unlike the top-down governance seen in Catholicism.
Eastern Orthodox Churches maintain their governance through a synod of bishops, emphasizing collective decision-making without a single leader, contrary to the hierarchical structure of the Catholic Church.
These distinct governance methods foster diverse internal practices and organizational norms, reflecting the broader theological differences among denominations.