Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 4 - 2020 - Paper 2

The conflict in Sudan has lasted for over a century, primarily involving its diverse ethnic groups. The northern region primarily consists of Arabic-speaking Muslims, while the south is home to various tribes, including Christians and animists. The discovery of oil in the southern region exacerbated tensions, leading to conflict. Political domination by the north has continually fueled discord, culminating in the establishment of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) as a response to oppressive governance. Sharia law was imposed in the south, leading to further conflict, while internal divisions within the SPLA complicated the situation.

1. The World Council of Churches: This organization played a major role in mediating peace efforts by facilitating dialogue among conflicting parties, promoting reconciliation, and providing humanitarian aid to affected communities.
2. The African Conference of Churches: They worked to address the underlying issues of the conflict. By establishing a framework for dialogue, they helped encourage peace talks, fostering cooperation among religious leaders from different backgrounds.

1. South Africa is a secular state, ensuring that religion and state governance are separate, which minimizes religious tensions.
2. The Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, promoting equality among various faiths, allowing for peaceful coexistence.
3. The educational system supports diverse religious beliefs, encouraging inclusivity and understanding among followers of different traditions.
4. The legacy of the anti-apartheid struggle forged a collective national identity, reducing the likelihood of sectarian conflict and fostering a sense of unity across diverse religious groups.

European missionaries historically dominated the African religious landscape, often dismissing indigenous practices and beliefs. This led to feelings of alienation among local populations, many of whom felt their spiritual needs were unmet. As a result, African converts began to voice dissent against European evangelical practices. This dissatisfaction triggered a desire for independent worship, ultimately leading to the emergence of African Initiated Churches (AICs). These churches incorporated both traditional spiritual practices and Christian teachings, reflecting a unique African identity. The AICs play a vital role in empowering local communities and affirming cultural heritage.