Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 2 - 2016 - Paper 1

Dogma refers to the authoritative principles or doctrines provided by religious authorities, which adherents are expected to accept without question. It maintains the core beliefs of a religion, ensuring consistency and unity among followers. However, it is important to recognize that interpretations of dogma can vary, and believers may engage in discussions regarding its relevance or application within contemporary contexts.

Myth encompasses traditional stories that convey the values, morals, and origins of a religion. They often serve to explain the creation of the world, the nature of humanity, and the relationship between the divine and the earthly realms. Myths play a crucial role in reinforcing beliefs and traditions, acting as a narrative framework through which followers can understand and engage with their faith.

Doctrine consists of the essential beliefs and teachings that govern a religion's practices and ethical standards. It serves as a foundation for religious authority and provides guidance on matters of faith. Doctrines not only encapsulate core beliefs but also offer a comprehensive framework that informs how adherents should live their lives and interact with others within the community.

For example, in Christianity:

1. Central Tenet of Faith: Belief in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and the Savior of humanity.
2. Sacraments: Practices such as baptism and communion signify a believer's commitment and remembrance of Christ’s death.
3. Community and Fellowship: Emphasis on communal worship and supporting one another through church gatherings.
4. Moral Teachings: The teachings of Jesus underline the importance of love, compassion, and forgiveness.
5. Scripture: The Bible serves as the holy text, guiding the beliefs and practices of Christians worldwide.

The right to life is a fundamental value enshrined in several religions. In Islam, the sanctity of human life is paramount, with teachings that highlight the value of preserving life. Similarly, Christianity emphasizes the significance of life through commandments that advocate respect for human existence. The Quran and the Bible both contain teachings that underscore the moral obligation to protect life and ensure that it is valued above all else.

Respect is a core principle across major world religions. In Buddhism, respect is cultivated through compassion for all living beings. Christianity also teaches respect through the Golden Rule: treating others as one wishes to be treated. In Islam, respect for parents and elders is emphasized, reinforcing the importance of family and community. These teachings encourage followers to foster harmonious relationships based on dignity and mutual respect.

Love is often regarded as the highest virtue in many religions. In Christianity, love is central, exemplified in Jesus’ commandment to 'love your neighbor as yourself.' In Islam, love is expressed through compassion and mercy, particularly in interactions within the community. Similarly, in Buddhism, love manifests as 'metta' or loving-kindness, promoting altruism. These teachings inspire followers to engage with others through acts of kindness and unconditional love.