2.1 In the context of religion, explain EACH of the following concepts and give ONE example to illustrate its meaning: 2.1.1 Ideology 2.1.2 Doctrine 2.1.3 Unity 2.2 State TWO unique features of EACH of the following religions: 2.2.1 Islam 2.2.2 Christianity 2.2.3 Hinduism 2.2.4 Taoism 2.3 Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 2 - 2018 - Paper 1

Doctrine encompasses the formal teachings and beliefs upheld by a religion. It serves as the guiding principles that followers adhere to. An example from Hinduism is the doctrine of Moksha, which represents liberation from the cycle of reincarnation and the realization of one’s unity with Brahman.

Unity in the context of religion denotes the peaceful coexistence and collaboration among different faiths. It recognizes that while religions may have different teachings, they can work together for humanity's benefit. A prime example is interfaith dialogues where practitioners from various religions unite under common humanitarian goals.

1. A core belief in monotheism, acknowledging only one God, Allah, who has no equals.
2. The Qur'an, which is regarded as the literal word of God revealed to the Prophet Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel.

1. The belief in the Trinity, encompassing God the Father, God the Son (Jesus Christ), and God the Holy Spirit.
2. The acknowledgment of Jesus Christ's crucifixion and resurrection, which is central to Christian faith.

1. The presence of a vast pantheon of gods and goddesses that represent different facets of the one ultimate reality, Brahman.
2. The belief in reincarnation, where the soul undergoes a cycle of birth and rebirth (samsara) until achieving Moksha.

1. A core belief in living in harmony with the Tao, which is understood as the fundamental nature of the universe.
2. The practice of Tai Chi and meditation, which are methods to cultivate inner peace and connect with the Tao.

Ancestors communicate with the living through various means, including dreams, rituals, and symbols. Often, living members will seek guidance in their dreams or during ceremonies that honor and invite the presence of their ancestors.

The belief in ancestors fosters a sense of community and continuity among the living. It encourages respect for elders and guides moral behavior by instilling a sense of accountability to both ancestors and descendants. Furthermore, it strengthens cultural identity and traditions, thereby preserving the heritage.

Storytelling serves as a vital tool for passing down knowledge, beliefs, and cultural values from one generation to the next. It allows communities to share their history, teach lessons, and reinforce moral principles, ensuring that traditions are maintained.

A myth is typically a large-scale story that conveys a cultural or religious truth, often involving deities or supernatural events. In contrast, a parable is a brief story with a moral lesson, usually featuring ordinary characters and situations.

1. Belief in one God who is the creator and sustainer of the universe.
2. The importance of prophetic teachings to guide moral and spiritual conduct.
3. Belief in an afterlife where individuals are held accountable for their actions in this life.