Read the article below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 4 - 2019 - Paper 2

The causes of the conflict in Bosnia are multifaceted, involving political and tribal divisions. Historically, before the advent of Islam, the region was predominantly Christian. Over time, many people converted to Islam, creating a demographic divide. The conflict escalated during the 1990s amid the breakup of the Soviet Union, where ethnic tensions flared between Christian Serbs and Muslim communities. These divisions led to armed conflict, with both sides vying for political power and territorial control.

Religion played a significant role in the conflict in Bosnia. The divide between Muslim and Christian populations was a catalyst for ethnically charged violence. Religious identity contributed to the community's alignment and hostility against the opposing group, further intensifying the ethnic and religious conflicts.

While the situation in Bosnia is calm compared to the 1990s, tensions remain. Nationalist sentiments continue to influence the political landscape, with occasional flare-ups in ethnic violence and disagreements over governance. Interfaith dialogues and peace initiatives have taken place, but the societal divisions perpetuated by the conflict still pose challenges to lasting peace.

Religion has had a dual role in the Bosnian conflict. On one hand, religious leaders attempted to facilitate peace by promoting interfaith dialogue and understanding. Organizations dedicated to humanitarian efforts have also emerged from religious groups. However, the historical animosities rooted in religious identity complicated these initiatives. While some religious leaders succeeded in fostering cooperation, others amplified divisions. Thus, the overall impact of religion on peace in Bosnia remains complex.