Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 2 - 2017 - Paper 1

Respect involves recognizing and valuing another person's beliefs and practices, even if they differ from one's own, and is usually rooted in understanding and appreciation. It goes beyond mere acknowledgment and strives for a deeper connection. On the other hand, tolerance is the willingness to accept the existence of differing beliefs and practices without necessarily embracing or agreeing with them. While tolerance can serve as a basis for coexistence, it does not imply an appreciation of the values of others. Thus, respect fosters a more active engagement with diversity, promoting dialogue and cooperation, while tolerance can sometimes suggest passive acceptance.

In Western cultures, religious tolerance often emphasizes individual freedom and the right to practice one's beliefs without interference from the state or society. This perspective stems from a historical context of religious pluralism, where multiple faiths coexist. Conversely, in Eastern cultures, religious tolerance is frequently intertwined with community and social harmony. Practices from religions such as Buddhism and Hinduism emphasize the importance of coexistence and mutual respect, often leading to a more integrated approach where religious identities are not just tolerated but are part of the larger cultural identity. This results in a more harmonized societal approach to divergent beliefs, often valuing collective well-being over individualism.

Similarity in a religious context refers to common traits or practices among different religions. For example, both Christianity and Islam acknowledge the existence of a singular, powerful deity and promote ethical living.

Religious identity pertains to an individual’s self-perception within a particular faith. For instance, many Muslims identify strongly with their religion, viewing it as a core aspect of their identity which distinguishes them from individuals of other faiths.

Colonialism in a religious context often refers to the imposition of one religion over another, as seen in historical cases where European colonizers introduced Christianity to indigenous populations, often undermining or eradicating local beliefs.

Unity refers to the harmonious coexistence of different religious beliefs within a shared community. For example, the teachings of Islam and Judaism may differ, yet both can contribute to a joint effort for peace and understanding in multicultural societies.

Uniqueness in a religious context signifies the distinct characteristics that define particular religions. For example, African Traditional Religion is unique in its emphasis on ancestor veneration, which shapes the cultural and social practices of its followers.