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Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 1
Question 5
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights reads: Everyone has the right to freedom of op... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 1
Step 1
What steps has South Africa taken to uphold the Declaration above?
Answer
South Africa has adopted a democratic Constitution in 1994 which ensures the protection of human rights, specifically religious rights. Key steps include:
- Constitutional Guarantees: The South African Constitution guarantees religious equality and prohibits discrimination based on religion.
- Human Rights Commission: This body investigates violations of human rights abuses, ensuring accountability.
- Multi-Faith Services: Regular multi-faith services are held, celebrating various beliefs and promoting inclusivity.
- Education: The introduction of Religion Studies in schools facilitates awareness and understanding of diverse religions.
- Court Involvement: The Constitutional Court tests laws to ensure they align with the Constitution, further upholding religious freedoms.
Step 2
Explain the different ways in which this Declaration is applied in Western and Eastern cultures.
Answer
Eastern Culture
- Pluralism: Many Eastern cultures emphasize the coexistence of multiple religions, leading to flexible beliefs rather than strict adherence.
- Broader Definition: The idea of religious freedom includes the choice to follow multiple paths or none at all, unlike the more singular focus in Western cultures.
Western Culture
- Religious Tolerance: Western societies typically advocate for tolerance and secularism, allowing individuals to practice their beliefs freely.
- Separation of Church and State: This principle helps ensure that religious beliefs do not interfere with state functions, allowing diverse expressions of faith.
Step 3
There are countries that do NOT respect Article 18. Name ONE such country and give details of how freedom of religion is violated.
Answer
One country that does not respect Article 18 is Myanmar (Burma). In Myanmar:
- Persecution of Minorities: The Rohingya Muslims face severe discrimination, with restrictions on their ability to practice their faith.
- Violence and Displacement: Many have been subjected to violence, forcing communities to flee or live in dire conditions, essentially stripping them of their religious freedoms.
Step 4
Refer to the teachings of any ONE religion and explain how these teachings promote human rights.
Answer
Using Christianity as an example:
- Right to Life: The commandment 'Thou shalt not kill' emphasizes the sanctity of life, promoting respect for all individuals.
- Love and Compassion: The teaching to 'love your neighbor as yourself' (Mark 12:31) encourages individuals to treat others with kindness and respect, reinforcing human rights.
Step 5
What are the advantages and disadvantages of allowing people 'freedom to change their religion or belief'?
Answer
Advantages
- Personal Fulfillment: Individuals can explore various beliefs, leading to greater spiritual satisfaction.
- Increased Tolerance: Societies may become more inclusive, reducing religious conflicts and fostering coexistence.
Disadvantages
- Confusion and Conflict: Individuals may become confused or face internal conflicts as they navigate different beliefs.
- Potential for Extremism: Some may use the freedom of belief to justify harmful actions, leading to societal issues.