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Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 2
Question 5
Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow. When people become actively secular, they find that they need to put forward a theory of their own, som... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:Read the extract below and answer the questions that follow - NSC Religion Studies - Question 5 - 2017 - Paper 2
Step 1
Explain the term secular humanism with reference to the statement above.
Answer
Secular humanism refers to a philosophical stance that emphasizes human value and agency while positing that humanity can derive meaning and ethics independently of religious beliefs. It challenges the idea of divine intervention in human affairs, offering a framework where individuals find purpose through rational inquiry and scientific understanding.
The statement highlights that when individuals pursue secularism, they often seek to construct their own philosophies or theories as alternatives to traditional religion. Secular humanism embodies this pursuit, stressing personal responsibility in the development of ethical frameworks and the importance of human rights, emotional well-being, and rational thought.
Step 2
Discuss the historical origin of Western secular humanism.
Answer
Western secular humanism has its roots in the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods, particularly the 15th century. During this time, figures like Martin Luther initiated religious reformations that splintered Christianity, creating an environment ripe for new philosophical ideas.
As wars of religion devastated Europe, the necessity for a non-divisive approach to ethics and morality became evident. Intellectuals began to reject the notion that a divine authority was necessary for understanding human existence. Instead, they relied on reason and scientific inquiry, leading to the birth of secular humanism—an ethical system based on human capacities rather than supernatural beliefs.
Step 3
Describe any ONE secular world view and state whether you agree or disagree with its teachings. Give reasons for your answer.
Answer
One prominent secular worldview is atheism, which asserts that there is no divine or supernatural being. Atheists argue that faith in God lacks empirical evidence, suggesting that ethics and morality can be rooted in human experience and reason.
I agree with the teachings of atheism to a significant extent. The emphasis on rational thought aligns with the scientific understanding of the world and encourages individuals to seek evidence for their beliefs. Moreover, by prioritizing human welfare and societal improvement over supernatural dictates, atheism can contribute to a more compassionate and ethical society.
However, some may argue that atheism lacks a moral foundation without a divine authority. While I recognize this perspective, I believe that ethical principles can be derived from human experiences and societal needs without necessitating belief in a higher power.