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All religions display a number of internal differences - NSC Religion Studies - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 2
Question 3
All religions display a number of internal differences. Discuss the internal differences within any ONE religion under the following headings: 3.1.1 Governance 3.1.... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:All religions display a number of internal differences - NSC Religion Studies - Question 3 - 2016 - Paper 2
Step 1
3.1.1 Governance
Answer
In examining the governance structures within a specific religion such as Islam, we see notable distinctions between its Sunni and Shia branches.
Sunni Islam organizes its governance around the community, where an imam leads congregational prayers without requiring formal training in religious law. This emphasizes a more democratic approach to leadership since any member of the community can take on the role, reflecting a less hierarchical structure.
Shia Islam, in contrast, places significant authority in the hands of its religious leaders, particularly the Ayatollahs, who have substantial influence on both spiritual and temporal matters. The Shia community also recognizes the leadership of the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad, namely Ali and Fatima, which further consolidates a hierarchical governance model. This key difference illustrates the vast internal divergences that influence how followers engage with authority and leadership.
Step 2
3.1.2 Practices
Answer
Within the realm of religious practices, both Sunni and Shia Islam exhibit their own distinct rituals and observances.
Sunni Practices adhere closely to established traditions and the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, with practices being relatively uniform across communities. Sunni worship tends to focus on communal prayer and adherence to the five pillars of Islam, ensuring a cohesive set of practices among its followers.
Shia Practices, however, place greater emphasis on pilgrimage to sites such as Karbala, which fosters a unique sense of community identity. The celebration of Ashura, mourning the martyrdom of Husayn, is a significant event that highlights emotional expressions within ritual practices among Shia Muslims. This variation demonstrates how cultural and historical contexts shape religious observances differently within the same faith.
In conclusion, these differences in governance and practices highlight the internal diversity present within Islam, reflecting broader themes of authority and worship among its adherents.
Step 3
3.2 Discuss the origin and development of any ONE religion's primary sources
Answer
Taking Hinduism as an example, its primary sources, notably the Vedas and the Bhagavad Gita, have a rich historical context that dates back to around 2500-1700 BCE in the Indus Valley.
The Vedas are considered the oldest sacred texts, divided into two categories: Shruti and Smriti.
- Shruti refers to that which is heard, encapsulating the divine revelations received in ancient times, forming the core of Hindu thought.
- Smriti refers to traditional teachings that have been remembered and transmitted through generations.
The Bhagavad Gita, which forms a part of the Mahabharata, emerged later and discusses foundational concepts such as dharma (duty). The persistence of these texts over generations, their oral transmission, and the eventual coding into written form showcase the dynamic evolution of Hindu scripture. Moreover, the establishment of authorship remains challenging due to their age and the reverence with which they are treated by practitioners, illustrating the enduring significance of these texts in shaping Hindu beliefs and practices.