The following isomers are commonly used as fuels because of their low boiling points:
A Butane
B 2-methylpropane
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these compounds belong - NSC Technical Sciences - Question 3 - 2024 - Paper 2
Question 3
The following isomers are commonly used as fuels because of their low boiling points:
A Butane
B 2-methylpropane
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which thes... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The following isomers are commonly used as fuels because of their low boiling points:
A Butane
B 2-methylpropane
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these compounds belong - NSC Technical Sciences - Question 3 - 2024 - Paper 2
Step 1
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these compounds belong.
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Answer
Both compounds belong to the homologous series of alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2.
Step 2
3.2 Define the term structural isomers.
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Answer
Structural isomers are organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements of atoms.
Step 3
3.3 What type of isomerism is represented by the compounds above?
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Answer
The type of isomerism represented by the compounds above is chain isomerism, where the isomers differ in the arrangement of the carbon skeleton.
Step 4
3.4 Identify the type of intermolecular forces in both compounds.
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Answer
Both butane and 2-methylpropane exhibit London dispersion forces, which are a type of induced dipole-dipole interaction.
Step 5
3.5 Which ONE of the compounds has the strongest intermolecular forces? Write down only A or B.
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Answer
Compound B: 2-methylpropane has the strongest intermolecular forces.
Step 6
3.6 Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 3.5.
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Answer
2-methylpropane is more branched than butane, leading to a greater number of induced dipole interactions due to its larger surface area which contributes to stronger London dispersion forces.
Step 7
3.7 Define vapour pressure.
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Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases at a given temperature in a closed system.
Step 8
3.8 Write down the compound above with a higher:
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3.8.1 Boiling point: Compound B: 2-methylpropane has a higher boiling point than butane due to its larger molecular structure leading to stronger intermolecular forces.
3.8.2 Vapour pressure: Compound A: Butane has a higher vapour pressure compared to 2-methylpropane because it is less branched and has weaker intermolecular forces, allowing more molecules to escape into the vapor phase.
