3.1 Define the term momentum - NSC Technical Sciences - Question 3 - 2024 - Paper 1
Question 3
3.1 Define the term momentum.
3.2 Write down the physical quantity that is represented by the gradient of the graph.
3.3 Calculate the:
3.3.1 Impulse that object ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:3.1 Define the term momentum - NSC Technical Sciences - Question 3 - 2024 - Paper 1
Step 1
Define the term momentum.
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Answer
Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity. It is a vector quantity, meaning it has both magnitude and direction.
Step 2
Write down the physical quantity that is represented by the gradient of the graph.
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Answer
The gradient of the graph represents the average net force acting on the object.
Step 3
Impulse that object X experiences between t = 10 s and t = 30 s.
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Answer
Impulse is calculated as the change in momentum.
Given:
Momentum at t = 30 s: 120 kg·m/s
Momentum at t = 10 s: -40 kg·m/s
Thus, the impulse experienced is:
extImpulse=extMomentumt=30s−extMomentumt=10s=120extkg⋅m/s−(−40extkg⋅m/s)=160extkg⋅m/s
Step 4
Average net force acting on object X between t = 10 s and t = 30 s.
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Answer
The average net force can be calculated using the impulse-momentum theorem:
F_{net} = rac{ ext{Impulse}}{ ext{time}}
The time interval is 30 s - 10 s = 20 s.
Thus:
F_{net} = rac{160 ext{ kg·m/s}}{20 ext{ s}} = 8 ext{ N}
Step 5
Use the information from the graph and the relevant physics principle to calculate the momentum of object Y after the collision.
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Answer
Using the conservation of momentum principle:
extTotalmomentumbeforecollision=extTotalmomentumaftercollision
ext{Let } p_Y ext{ be the momentum of object Y after the collision.}
Thus:
120extkg⋅m/s+50extkg⋅m/s=pY+0
So,
pY=170extkg⋅m/stotheright
Step 6
State in words the physics principle that was used to answer QUESTION 3.4.1 above.
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Answer
The principle used is the conservation of linear momentum, which states that in an isolated system, the total linear momentum remains constant before and after a collision, barring any external forces.
