The following isomers are commonly used as fuels because of their low boiling points:
A Butane
B 2-methylpropane
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these compounds belong - NSC Technical Sciences - Question 3 - 2024 - Paper 2
Question 3
The following isomers are commonly used as fuels because of their low boiling points:
A Butane
B 2-methylpropane
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these ... show full transcript
Worked Solution & Example Answer:The following isomers are commonly used as fuels because of their low boiling points:
A Butane
B 2-methylpropane
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these compounds belong - NSC Technical Sciences - Question 3 - 2024 - Paper 2
Step 1
3.1 Identify the homologous series to which these compounds belong.
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Answer
The compounds Butane and 2-methylpropane belong to the homologous series of alkanes, which are saturated hydrocarbons characterized by the general formula C_nH_(2n+2).
Step 2
3.2 Define the term structural isomers.
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Structural isomers are organic molecules that have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of their atoms, resulting in different structural formulas.
Step 3
3.3 What type of isomerism is represented by the compounds above?
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The type of isomerism represented by the compounds Butane and 2-methylpropane is chain isomerism, where the isomers differ in the branching of their carbon chains.
Step 4
3.4 Identify the type of intermolecular forces in both compounds.
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Answer
Both Butane and 2-methylpropane primarily exhibit London dispersion forces as their intermolecular forces, which arise due to temporary dipoles that occur when electron density in a molecule fluctuates.
Step 5
3.5 Which ONE of the compounds has the strongest intermolecular forces? Write down only A or B.
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Answer
B
Step 6
3.6 Give a reason for the answer to QUESTION 3.5.
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Answer
2-methylpropane (Compound B) has stronger intermolecular forces because it is more branched than Butane (Compound A), resulting in a larger surface area for London dispersion forces and hence stronger interactions.
Step 7
3.7 Define vapour pressure.
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Vapour pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in equilibrium with its liquid or solid phase at a given temperature. It is a measure of the tendency of a substance to evaporate.
Step 8
3.8 Write down the compound above with a higher:
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Answer
3.8.1 Boiling point: A (Butane)
3.8.2 Vapour pressure: B (2-methylpropane)
